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FIP8106 IMPROVEMENT lil THE MANUFACTURE INIWAITER-PIIIPES Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 51,627, dated December 19, 1865.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT SKmNEmof the city and county of San Francisco, Stateibf California, have invented a newandlmproved Mode of making Pipes for Carrying Water for Drainage and other Purposes; and I do herebydcclare that the followiu g is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction of the same.

The nature of my invention consists in covering sheet-iron, tin, or other metallic pipes with layers of paper or cloth dipped and saturated in resinous or tarry substances mixed with mineral, earthy, and carbonaceous matter.

To enable others skilled in the art or science to which it most nearly appertains, I willproceed to describe the component parts thereof and the manner of applying the same.

The metallic pipe, being formed of the requisite size, is first; immersed in a bath com- ;posed of the following proportions, to wit: six

5 pounds of brimstone to one gallon of coal-tar, 15 well boiled together. The metallic tube thus 3 prepared is placed over a revolving cylinder,

and a cloth or paper covering immersed in a 5 bath composed of brimstone and coal-tar, also @well boiled, and rolled thereon in successive or continuous layers, and while in process of revolution coke-dust and slaked lime is unlthe purpose set forth.

fQl11l Sjf tQd'tht- 1G0ll for the purpose of hardening and giving body to the pipe.

To prevent the possible disagreeable taste of the water from the above method of prepariu g pipes for household or other uses I substitute mineral tar in place of coal-tar.

By the use of my method a cheap, hard, and durable pipe is obtained which is impervious to the action of water and free from any disagreeable taste. a

Having thus described myiuveution for cou istructing \vater-pi 'ies so as to enable other skilled in the art to make and use. the same,'. 1 will now proceed to state what'rl claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent.

1 claimf The constructing of water-pipes by'the use of layers of paper or cloth dipped and saturated in resinous or tarry substances,'mixed with mineral, earthy, and carbonaceous matter, in about the proportions herein specified, and for In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and aflixed my seal this 10th day of May,

4 ROBERT-SKINNEDJ [1.. st

Witnesses: 4 v

0. W. M. SMITH, J. C. HUTGHINSON. 

